Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder is characterized
by pathological mood swings from mania to depression.
Which are
the causes?
l
Biochemical: a) physical changes in the
brain, b) activity of neurotransmitters, c) hormonal imbalances.
l
Genetic: A possible predispotion
exists. Studies have shown that patients' families also have the same
condition. It has also been proved that bipolar disorder is related to
schizophrenia, pointing to shared genetic cause.
l
Environmental: The patient's family and
social background as well as his intimate relationships could be an element for
the appearance of bipolar disorder.
Which are
the symptoms?
Manic phase of bipolar
disorder:
Signs and symptoms of the manic phase
of bipolar disorder may include:
l
Euphoria
l
Extreme optimism
l
Inflated self-esteem
l
Poor judgement
l
Rapid speech
l
Racing thoughts
l
Aggressive behavior
l
Increased physical activity
l
Risky behavior
l
Spending sprees
l
Increased drive to perform or achieve goals
Depressive phase of bipolar disorder:Signs and symptoms of the depressive phase of bipolar
disorder may include:
l
Sadness
l
Hopelessness
l
Suicidal thoughts or behavior
l
Anxiety
l
Guilt
l
Sleep problems
l
Appetite problems
l
Fatigue
l
Loss of interest in daily
activities
l
Problems concentrating
l
Irritability
l
Chronic pain without a known cause
How can bipolar disorder be treated?
Medications
l
Anti-seizure
medications: They are used for the same reason as
the mood stabilizers.
l
Antidepressants
l
Other medications (atypal antipsychotic medications, anti-anxiety
medications).
Some medications can be combined in order to have the
maximum effect. However, the patient must be aware of the side effects.
Psychotherapy
l
Cognitive behavioral therapy: Helps patients to focus on the healthy and positive
behaviors. People can learn effective strategies to control stress and
upsetting situations.
l
Family therapy: Through the dialogue family members try to solve
communication issues and control stress and important matters of everyday life.
l
Group therapy: The patients meet
similar situations and they are given a chance to discuss their concerns. They
improve their social skills and stop feeling neglected or isolated.
Hospitalization
In some extreme cases hospitalization is essential. The
patients' mood can be stabilized even if he is in deep depression or in a
severe manic episode.
Options that can be considered are: partial hospitalization
or daily treatment programms.
Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:
Δημοσίευση σχολίου