Σκοπός: Η παρουσίαση των διαφορών στη διαδικασία πένθους ανάμεσα στα παιδιά που θρηνούν για το γονιό που πέθανε και στους ενήλικες που πενθούν το χαμό του συντρόφου της.
Συζήτηση: Δυο από τα παιδιά είχαν έντονα ξεσπάσματα κλάματος κατά τη διάρκεια των συνεδριών. Η συμπεριφορά τους ήταν ίδια και στο σπίτι. οχτώ έπαιξαν το ρόλο του ‘υποστηρικτικού ενήλικα’ στο γονιό που θρηνούσε, μην επιτρέποντας στον εαυτό τους να εκφράσει τα συναισθήματα θυμού, θλίψης, ενοχής, αλλά και τους φόβους τους. Δεν επιζήτησαν υποστήριξη μήπως και επιβαρύνουν την υπόλοιπη οικογένεια. Οι γονείς παρατήρησαν αλλαγές στις συνήθειες ύπνου, διατροφής και συμπεριφοράς των παιδιών τους.
Συμπέρασμα: Τα παιδιά θρηνούν με διαφορετικό τρόπο από τους ενήλικες. Η θλίψη τους μπορεί να μην είναι εύκολα ανιχνεύσιμη. Η κατάλληλη ενημέρωση του παιδιού, η ενθάρρυνση έκφρασης των συναισθημάτων του, οι ‘ζωντανές’ αναμνήσεις του αποθανόντα γονιού και η συμμετοχή στην οικογενειακή διαδικασία πένθους (και των παιδιών, αλλά και των ενηλίκων) δεν είναι πηγές περαιτέρω άγχους και έντασης αλλά οδηγούν σε καλύτερη διεργασία του πένθους προσφέροντας ανακούφιση και παρηγοριά.
The mourning process in children and adults.
Similarities – differences.
N. Voura, G. Koukoulas, N. Darai, N. Benetos, D. Chatzigrigoriadou, C. Thomopoulou, S. Mermiga, G. Koutloubasi, E. Paraschou, N. Kapsali
N. Voura, G. Koukoulas, N. Darai, N. Benetos, D. Chatzigrigoriadou, C. Thomopoulou, S. Mermiga, G. Koutloubasi, E. Paraschou, N. Kapsali
Introduction: When someone is
bereaved, they usually experience an intense feeling of sorrow called grief. People grieve
in order to accept a deep loss and carry on with their life. It is believed
that if one doesn’t grieve at the time of death, or shortly
after, the grief may stay bottled up inside. This can lead to emotional problems, and even physical illness
later on. Everyone is different and each person grieves in his
or her own way. However, some stages of grief are commonly
experienced by people when they are bereaved. There is no set
timescale for reaching these stages. The stages of grief aren't distinct, and there is usually some
overlap between them. Feeling emotionally numb is often the first reaction
to a loss. Numbness may be replaced by a deep yearning for the person
who has died. Agitation, anger, difficulty in concentration, relation or sleep come
next. This period of strong emotion usually gives way to bouts of intense sadness,
silence and withdrawal from family and friends. Over time,
the pain, sadness and depression start to lessen. The final phase of
grieving is to let go of the person who has died and carry on with life, though it
may not be exactly the same as it was before. Children are aware when a loved
one dies and they feel the loss in much the same way as adults do. Although children
go through similar stages of grief, they may progress through them
more quickly. Understandably, some people try to protect children
from the death and grieving process. But in fact, it's probably better to be honest
with children about your own grief, and encourage them to talk about
their feelings of pain and distress. Children and young people mature at different rates and
their understanding and responses to bereavement are
likely to be based as much on their experience of life as on their chronological age, which
is another parameter to be considered.
Objective: the demonstration of differences in the
grieving process between children mourning for their lost parent and
adults grieving for their late spouse.
Method: Sub-structured clinical interviews were given
to 10 adults and 10 children using the services of the Psychiatric Hospital of Petra
Olympus to evaluate their reactions and grieving process.
Discussion: Two (2) of the evaluated children had
outbursts of cries during the sessions. This behavior was mentioned to be the
same at home. Eight (8) children played the role of the ‘supportive adult’ to
the grieving parent, not allowing themselves to express their feelings of
anger, grief, guilt, and fears. They didn’t ask for support, in fear of
becoming a burden to the rest of the family. Their parents noticed changes in sleep
patterns, eating habits, and behavior. One child wasn’t well-informed about the
loss and didn’t fully understand what had happened to the deceased. As for
parents, eight (8) of them asked and received medical support and
medication, whilst two (2) started consuming alcohol, hoping to relieve their
pain through it. Six (6) of the adults were
avoiding talking to their children and sharing their feelings, whereas three (3) mentioned incapability to go on with
their life.
Conclusions: Children mourn in a different way from
adults. Their grief may not be easily detected. The proper way of informing
the child, the encouragement to the expression of feelings, the
living memories of their late parent and the participation in the family
grieving process (both for children and adults) are not causes of further stress
and anxiety but lead to a better way of resolving the grieving process,
offering comfort and relief. Young children between the age of 2 – 5 years require repeated
explanations
of what has happened. Older children of
5-8 years of age need to be given the opportunity to ask questions and to be given as
much information as possible to allow them to adjust. They may be very
interested in the death rituals. Increasing awareness of their own
mortality and the fear and insecurity that this can cause is more apparent
on children of 8-12 years old. They need to know details and
may seek answers to very specific questions. Teenagers may find it easier to discuss their feelings with a
sympathetic friend or adult than close family member,
although death increases anxieties about the future, and may
question the meaning of life and experience depression. They may be having difficulty coming
to terms with their own mortality and that of those
close to them and cope by refusing to contemplate the possibility of death by
experimenting with risk taking behaviour. Adults who have
the closest knowledge of the circumstances of the loss, and of the feelings and thoughts
of the loved one in the last moments, should share
that knowledge with those who couldn't be present at those
moments. They should provide the essential details
of loss to all family members, including children. Children
who don't have a personal knowledge of the circumstances
or were not present at the time of the loss, needn't be afraid of asking for such details.
They have to be encouraged to open communication regarding the facts
and circumstances of the loss. In families, where members do not share the loss-related
facts, do not express feelings and thoughts related
to loss, their emotions tend to go underground, and then resurface
in the form of symptomatic behaviors such as, decline in performance, alcoholism, drug abuse, acting
out behaviors, or physical illnesses.
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