E. Paraschou, N. Voura, S. Mermiga, C. Thomopoulou, G. Koutloubasi, D. Chatzigrigoriadou, N. Darai, N. Benetos, G. Koukoulas
Abstract
In this experiment we saw that they aren’t differences
between males and females in self-esteem and gender. We see the condition
self-esteem and gender. We needed a based
questionnaire with 38 participants. The results showed that there are
differences between self-esteem and gender according to the questionnaire.
Self-esteem is popularly used construct both in
popular and formal psychology. The construct has been defined as an person’s
sense of self-worth, or the procured to which a person values, approves of
appreciates, awards, or likes him- or herself. ”Theory and measurement
discomforted with self-esteem have been related to many psychological
domains, including personality, behavior, and health and clinical psychology” .
(Burns, 1979) Many studies inspected occurrence gender differences in reported
mean self-esteem (SE) scores.
Gender in
psychology, is the characteristics, whether biological or socially influenced,
by which people define male and female.
Amidst
psycholosocial resources, higher levels of self-esteem have been showed to divine
less stressors over time. Self-esteem has been partnered with the use of
problem-focused and active coping, lesser use of forbearance coping and greater
constancy in the face of failure or setbacks. According the individual a unit
of spring in response to stress, self-esteem serves as a umpire of stress
outcomes. Self-esteem may occupy stress diffusion indirectly through its effect
on choice of coping strategy, in particular, the
positive connection with problem-focused coping and negative connection with
avoidance. ”There is some indication that self-esteem is related indirectly to
later stressful experiences by way of its potential impact on depressive
symptoms or other mental health dimensions.” (Rosenberg, Schooler, Schoenbach,
& Rosenberg, 1995)
The relationship of gender to stressful lights
may be mediate via its relationship to coping and depressive symptoms. “There
is some indication that women are more likely than men to use avoidant and
emotion-focused coping.” ( Hamilton & Fagot, 1988; Long, 1990; Matud, 2004)
The favor
may have arisen unwitting in the construction of the scale by its originators adopting
a specifically masculine model of self-esteem. However, average group
differences in an item should not be
envisaged as evidence for favour unless the compared groups were matched on
self-esteem, the import of interest. < The appropriate
methodology is differential item functioning > . ( Franeis, 1998 ) The aim
of the present paper is to consider whether the gender differences in mean
self-esteem scores returned by Franeis are the result proper gender differences
in self-esteem or can propertied totally or partially to the different ways in
which males and females respond to each of the itemand this will be done.
“Low
self-esteem predicts increased risk of depression, drug abuse, and some forms
of delinquency. For a low-self-esteem person, even a public success can be
aversive, by provoking anxiety that he or she will never live up to others
heightened expectations.” (Myers, 2008) Finding their graced self-esteem
threatened, people often grace by putting others down, sometimes with the
violence. A youth who develops a big ego, which then is threatened or
punctured by social rejection, is potentially dangerous. Although high self-esteem is
generally more beneficial than low, researchers have found that a variety of social violators tend to
higher-than-average self-esteem.
Method
Participants
All
participants are 38 students. And all is valid. The age is about 18 and 26. We had 10
males and 28 females. In this experiment we need the results from students
other years in branch psychology.
Measures
We need one test, the test of personality. Every part
has questions which is 15.(Rosenberg
Procedure
We need the
SPSS 8.0 for the data analyses. The students supplement the test of
personality. This test has 5 parts. Students must be answer the question with 1
or 2 choice. The first part is strongly agree=1 or strongly disagree=2, second
part agree=1 or disagree=2, third part statement 1 than statement 2=1 or
statement 2 than statement 1=2, the next part is true or mostly true=1 or false
or mostly false=2 and the finally part is true=1 or false=2. For everyone part
the questions is 15. At the end when we wrote all data for men take number 1
and for women number 2.
Results
The standard deviation in self-esteem for
males and females has not big differences. The result from the survey was the mean M=93 for males
and M=81, 7 for females. Judging from the results there are no differences
between genders on self-esteem because the p<0.05.
Discussion
In this
experiment we must improve if there are differences between males and females
in self-esteem and gender. We saw with this experiment the differences is not big in
self-esteem and gender. The numbers has not big aberration. In his original
analysis of these data, found almost the same score between males and females
of self-esteem. On the basis of these new findings dependence can remain high
the application of these short form of the self-esteem
among both males and females. According to group on T-test, the Standard Deviation
on self-esteem for females is higher than the Standard Deviation of males. For
females, the Standard Deviation is 17, 2 and for males is 12,5. So, there is
one difference here. This study is not correct because we don’t have even
numbers of participants from both genders. The
gender is untested, every male and female had different perception about how
they see and evaluate themselves. Females care more about their appearance and
what people think about them. Sometimes both females and males need to change
their beliefs and become more optimistic and confident.
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